Most pearls that are in the market today are the result of human engineering. However, there also is the pearl of the natural search results. In about 100 years ago, Japanese named Mikimoto discovered engineering. Japan to keep this secret pearl engineering because once it’s potential until the late 80s. In other countries in the Pacific and Indian Ocean region such as Indonesia, Japan to expand its business to continue to use the technician. Indonesia, Japan, China and Australia are a potential area and the main pearl producing countries in the world.

Form of engineering is known as grafting / seeding or implantation, that is by inserting the core (nucleus) together with a piece of mantle organs (sliced meat of other pearl oysters, known by the name ‘saibo’) into pearl oysters. Mantle organ was taken from another individual pearl oysters and act as donors. Based on research, good donor selection will determine the quality of pearls produced mainly in terms of color, shape and luster of pearls. The core and mantle wedge is placed inside the oyster gonads after earlier made a small incision in the gonad wall. Sliced meat coat will form pockets of pearl (pearl sac) and will be producing nacre. This process is known as bio-mineralization, similar to the process of bone formation in humans and other vertebrates.
Nacre is part of the shiny surface of the pearl or also the wall section that glitters in the shells. On the inside of the shell, nacre termed the Mother of Pearl (mother of pearl), while the nacre is inherent in the core called the pearl. Nacre quality produced a decisive overall quality pearls.

The process of making pearls
The process of weakening
Before operating, pearl oysters had undergone a process of called weakening (making pearl become weak). This process is usually from 2 weeks to a month depending on the type of pearl oysters. This process meant that pearl oysters will be experiencing stress and entered the reproductive phase quickly so that if surgery was performed of the gonad was empty. When the gonad is fully charged then the operations, are difficult and even more have failed.

This weakening process can by closing pearl shell with porous gloves so small that filtered food particles or even pearl shells were stacked together and then wrapped with small porous gloves. In this condition, pearl oysters can still survive even though the food in larger particles is no more. After this process, pearl oysters raised to the ground (when the operation carried out on land) and undergo a process of continued weakening in the tank. They are stacked together so that they became weak due to food consumption and low oxygen. If surgery is performed without these process, pearl oysters are still very strong to kick out the nucleus is inserted into the gonad. Even for the largest bivalve species P. Maxima, they are very strong muscles if you do not pass through the process of weakening so that the shell is very hard to open.

Result of conducting pearls using the principle of formation of natural pearls with a nucleus as the basis for the formation of pearls. A trained technician will prepare the pearl nucleus is usually round and come from other shells and pieces of mantle or saibo also called the pearl oysters taken from another. Selection of donors is consider color and nacre quality Mother of Pearl its (present in the side of the shell).

Process operation
Initially donor technician will kill mussels carefully so as not to touch the coat. When the coat was touched, it will coat wrinkled due to reaction of the oyster. Killing donor shells done by inserting a knife between the shells and cut the muscle of the scallop adductor donor. When split, shellfish were taken up quite dead, so when the coat is touched she did not react anymore. Furthermore, the mantle is attached to the second shell is cut and cut again into small pieces (approximately 3 x 3 mm). Section coat prepared for insertion called saibo, so clamshells donors often called saibo.

When the insertion operation, the recipient had undergone a process of shellfish pegging (wedge placed between the two shells). Shellfish receiver is placed in such a way so that easy operation. Surgical technique and postoperative vary each firm pearls.

In principle, by applying certain techniques, pearl shell will not issue its core and eventually can produce good quality round pearls.

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